Wednesday, September 2, 2020

The Glass Menagerie, a Play by Tennessee Williams

The Glass Menagerie, a Play by Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerieâ play is a despairing family show composed by Tennessee Williams. It was first performed on Broadway in 1945, meeting with bewildering film industry achievement and a Drama Critics Circle Award. The Characters In the presentation of The Glass Menagerie, the writer portrays the characters of the drama’s primary characters. Amanda Wingfield: Mother of two grown-up youngsters, Tom and Laura. â€Å"A little lady of extraordinary essentialness sticking wildly to some other time and place...†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Her life is paranoia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"Her absurdity makes her accidentally cruel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is delicacy in her slight person†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Laura Wingfield: Six years out of secondary school. Fantastically timid and withdrawn. She focuses on her assortment of glass puppets. She has â€Å"failed to set up contact with reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"A youth disease has left her injured, one leg somewhat shorter than the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"She resembles her very own bit glass assortment, too wonderfully fragile†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tom Wingfield: The lovely, disappointed child who works at a careless stockroom work, supporting his family after his dad ventured out from home for good. He additionally fills in as the play’s storyteller. â€Å"His nature isn't remorseless†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"To escape from a snare (his tyrannical mother and disabled sister) he needs to act without pity.† Jim O’Connor: The noble man guest who eats with the Wingfields during the second piece of the play. He is depicted as a â€Å"nice, normal youthful man.† Setting The whole play happens in the Wingfield’s pitiful condo, situated close to a rear entryway in St. Louis. At the point when Tom starts describing he steps the crowd back to the 1930s. Plot Summary Mrs. Wingfield’s spouse deserted the family â€Å"a long time ago.† He sent a postcard from Mazatlan, Mexico that just read: â€Å"Hello †and Good-bye!† With the nonattendance of the dad, their home has become genuinely and monetarily stale. Amanda obviously adores her youngsters. Notwithstanding, she continually criticizes her child about his character, his youngster work, and even his dietary patterns. Tom: I haven’t delighted in one chomp of this supper due to your consistent bearings on the best way to eat it. It’s you that makes me race through suppers with your bird of prey like consideration regarding each chomp I take. Despite the fact that Tom’s sister is horrendously timid, Amanda expects Laura to be all the more cordial. The mother, conversely, is entirely agreeable and thinks back about her days as a southern beauty who once got seventeen men of honor guests in a solitary day. Laura has no expectations or aspirations for her future. She quit her composing class since she was too timid to even think about taking the speed test. Laura’s just obvious intrigue is by all accounts her old music records and her â€Å"glass menagerie,† an assortment of creature puppets. Then, Tom is tingling to leave the family and look for experience in the all the way open world, rather than being held detainee by his reliant family and an impasse work. He regularly remains out late around evening time, professing to go out to see the films. (Regardless of whether he watches the motion pictures or takes part in a type of undercover action is begging to be proven wrong). Amanda needs Tom to discover an admirer for Laura. Tom laughs at the thought from the start, yet before supper he illuminates his mom that a courteous fellow guest will visit the next night. Jim O’Connor, the expected admirer, went to secondary school with both Tom and Laura. During that time, Laura really liked the attractive youngster. Before Jim visits, Amanda dresses in a wonderful outfit, helping herself to remember her once-great youth. When Jim shows up, Laura is frozen to see him once more. She can scarcely answer the entryway. At the point when she at long last does, Jim shows no hint of recognition. Out on the emergency exit, Jim and Tom talk about their prospects. Jim is taking a seminar on open addressing become an official. Tom uncovers that he will before long be joining the vendor marines, along these lines surrendering his mom and sister. Actually, he intentionally neglected to take care of the power tab so as to join the seaman’s association. During supper, Laura †black out with timidity and uneasiness †invests the greater part of the energy in the couch, away from the others. Amanda, in any case, is making some superb memories. The lights out of nowhere go out, however Tom never admits the explanation! By candlelight, Jim tenderly methodologies the shy Laura. Bit by bit, she starts to open up to him. He is enchanted to discover that they went to class together. He even recalls the moniker he provided for her: â€Å"Blue Roses.† Jim: Now I recollect †you generally came in late. Laura: Yes, it was so difficult for me, getting upstairs. I had that support on my leg †it bunched so uproarious! Jim: I never heard any bunching. Laura (recoiling at the memory): To me it seemed as though thunder! Jim: Well, well, well. I never at any point took note. Jim urges her to be progressively self-assured. He even hits the dance floor with her. Lamentably, he knocks a table, thumping over a glass unicorn doll. The horn breaks, making the doll simply like the remainder of the ponies. Shockingly, Laura can chuckle about the circumstance. She obviously enjoys Jim. At long last, he proclaims: Someone needs to develop your certainty and do right by you rather than bashful and dismissing and-reddening Somebody should kiss you, Laura! They kiss. For a second, the crowd may be attracted into feeling that everything will turn out to be cheerfully. For a second, we can envision: Jim and Laura falling in love.Amanda’s dreams for Laura’s security coming true.Tom at long last getting away the â€Å"trap† of family commitments. However, a second after the kiss, Jim steps back and chooses, â€Å"I shouldn’t have done that.† He at that point uncovers that he is locked in to a decent young lady named Betty. At the point when he clarifies that he won't have returned to visit once more, Laura valiantly grins. She offers him the wrecked puppet as a gift. After Jim leaves, Amanda chastens her child for bringing an effectively represented refined man guest. As they battle, Tom shouts: Tom: The more you yell about my narrow-mindedness to me the snappier I’ll go, and I won’t go out to see the films! At that point, Tom accept the job of the storyteller as he did in the play’s starting. He discloses to the crowd how he before long deserted his family, fleeing similarly as his dad did. He went through years voyaging abroad, yet something despite everything frequented him. He got away from the Wingfield family, yet his dear sister Laura was consistently at the forefront of his thoughts. The Final Lines Goodness, Laura, Laura, I attempted to desert you me, yet I am more devoted than I expected to be! I go after a cigarette, I go across the road, I run into the motion pictures or a bar, I purchase a beverage, I address the closest more abnormal anything that can blow your candles out! For these days the world is lit by lightning! Victory your candles, Laura †thus great bye†¦

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Art Comparison Essays

Workmanship Comparison Essays Workmanship Comparison Essay Workmanship Comparison Essay Dissect and Compare Triumph of Shapur I Structure: This is a 2D figure since you can't stroll around it and there is no opposite side. Sythesis: Shapur I is the biggest figure and he is on a pony, wearing an enormous crown, and he has a blade. Different figures in the work are littler and they are bowing and being held by Shapur I. Material: This is made out of rock in Naqsh-e Rustam. Strategy: This is a low help cutting (bas-alleviation) portraying the triumph of lord Shapur I over Valerian and Phillip. * Shapur is biggest, he is perched on a pony, and he is wearing a crown. Stressing the idea of triumph: Shapur has a blade. The figures of Phillip and Valerian (the crushed) are littler and Phillip is stooping. Triumph Stele of Naram-sin Structure: This is a 3D geometrical figure since you could stroll around it and take a gander at the clear side. Creation: Naram-sin is the biggest figure and he is set higher in the work of art than any other individual. Likewise, he is wearing a horned protective cap, proposing holiness . Material: This is made of pink sandstone. Procedure: This is a low alleviation cutting (bas-help) portraying Naram-sinâ„ ¢s triumph over Satuni of Lullubi. * Naram-sin is biggest, he is raised higher than any other individual in the work and , he wears a horned head protector which shows godlikeness. Underlining the idea of triumph: It delineates fighters who have weapons and reinforcement and Naram-sin is stepping on his dead foes. The picture that is best is the Triumph of Shapur I since it is bigger and for all intents and purposes and hypothetically ardent. The Victory Stele of Naram-sin is bigger than a normal human yet the Triumph of Shapur I alleviation can look threateningly huge when near it. While the Victory Stele of Naram-sin is convenient (demonstrated when it was taken by the Elamites), the alleviation of the Triumph of Shapur I was cut from a monstrous stone face that would be unfeasible to try and attempt to move.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Pepe jeans Essay

The organization keeps in touch with its autonomous retailers by means of gathering of 10 specialists and every operator is answerable for retailers in a specific territory of the nation. Pepe is persuaded that a decent connection with the autonomous retailers is indispensable to its prosperity. Pepe’s prerequisite to submit firm requests a half year ahead of time with no chance changes, dropping, or continue requesting. Some guaranteed that the firm request framework constrained them to arrange less, bringing about stock outs. Pepe felt that a change would have been required soon. The most effortless arrangement would be work with the Hong Kong sourcing operator to lessen the lead time related with orders yet this was going to expand the expense essentially. Indeed, even with the noteworthy increment in cost, reliable conveyance timetables would be hard to keep. Another recommendation was to fabricate a completing activity in United Kingdom. Pepe was intrigued to perceive how framework functioned at U. S. activities. They found that they would need to keep around six weeks’ flexibly of essential pants available in the United Kingdom and they need to contribute ? 1,000,000 worth of gear. They additionally evaluated that it would cost about ? 500,000 to work the office every year. They could find the office in the storm cellar of current place of business, and the remodels would cost ? 300,000.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Free Economic Security Essay Samples

Free Economic Security Essay SamplesThe rise of the Internet and the advent of online courses has made it possible for students to find many different kinds of free economic security essay samples. With this in mind, this is a great opportunity for students to study without being at a specific school or university.Economic insecurity does not only affect young people and the less educated. In fact, as adults, we often need some extra money just to make ends meet.During recessionary periods, unemployment is higher than ever. When a job does become available, how will people who have worked so hard to build up their resume to make ends meet? This is where self-education can help.Just by reading some free academic essays and some newspaper articles about economic security can help you get your first draft completed before the deadline for you to submit your essay. This can even save you money on textbooks and even checkbooks. That's a great deal of money that you never had to spend.Now, not all essays will be appropriate for your topic. Even if the topic is one that pertains to your major, you still have to write an essay on the same topic from scratch.Most people do not realize that there are so many essay samples available that they can use for the essay. All they have to do is type in a keyword search engine to get all the different essay samples that they can use.In fact, you can find many free essay samples online that teach students the basic concepts and lessons of economics. These courses are offered free, but students that want to do a more comprehensive course will have to pay the cost.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Pregnancy Causes And Effects - 976 Words

Pregnancy Pregnancy can be one of the greatest experiences in your life but it can also be very stressful. If you are trying to become pregnant, it’s important to know the early signs of pregnancy. Many women get tender, achy breasts and they tend to feel fuller and heavier. The hormone progesterone is what makes the breasts tender. Your breasts will also swell because the body keeps in more water during pregnancy which also causes bloating. The extra progesterone can also cause excessive fatigue. The best thing to do is nap often and head to bed earlier. With the hormones changing your body, it can make you feel super emotional. When you know for sure your pregnant, it can make you get more stressed out than before. Fatigue and hunger can often make mood swing worse. It helps if you find time to rest and eat small snacks throughout the day. Some women get dizzy or lightheaded during early pregnancy, some may even get fainting spells. Low blood pressure or hormones may be the cause of t hat. Quesiness can start early, but nausea and vomiting usually shows up around 7-9 weeks. Small, frequent, and protein-enriched meals can help control an uneasy stomach. Having a healthy lifestyle is very important during pregnancy. Make sure to have a healthy pregnancy diet, exercise, and healthy weight gain. †¢ Good nutrition is important for the baby to grow and develop properly. It’s recommended to eat a variety of foods to get the necessary nutrients needed. Daily servings include 6-11Show MoreRelatedCause and Effect of Teen Pregnancy1043 Words   |  4 PagesCause and effect of teen pregnancy Teenagers suffering health problems is high Many teenagers will try to hide the pregnancy from their parents and teachers, in doing this they do not get the initial medical attention required during the first months of pregnancy. It is estimated that 33% of teenage pregnancy fail to receive necessary prenatal care. The lack of prenatal care leads to increased risk of anemia, miscarriage, and high blood pressure to the teenager. Many teenagers will hide theirRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Causes And Effects1929 Words   |  8 PagesTeen Pregnancy The rate of teenage pregnancies has decreased drastically since skyrocketing in the early decades. Teenagers today have shown an increased use of birth control and a slight increase in abstinence. To draw attention to the problem, people typically refer to it as ‘children having children,’ which is essentially the issue. If teens were to remain abstinent until they are completely ready, the issue would no longer be as relevant. In today s society, there are serious consequences thatRead MoreCauses and Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Truth about Teenage Pregnancy Outline I. Introduction II. Body A. Causes 1. Lack of sexual education 2. Lack of communication between the parents and teens a. Weak relationship b. Too strong of a relationship 3. Drugs 4. Trends a. Social b. Media 5. Abuse B. Effects 1. Unwanted/ unplanned pregnancy 2. Abortion 3. Neglect/ Child abuse 4. Complications a. Maternal deaths b. Birth defects 5. Incomplete education Read MoreCause And Effect On Mothers During Pregnancy1383 Words   |  6 PagesCause and Effects on Mothers’ During Pregnancy Stress during pregnancy can cause developmental and emotional problems for offspring; it has been observed by behavioral and biological researchers, but the objective measuring and timing of that stress and its results are difficult to prove. It is important for women who plan on becoming pregnant in the future to know how to prevent unhealthy pregnancy. A healthy lifestyle during the prenatal period of pregnancy is a start to a healthy outcome forRead MoreCause And Effect Of The Pregnancy Rate During The First Trimester1916 Words   |  8 Pages According to The March of Dimes (2016) miscarriage, particularly in the first trimester, has an overall estimated incidence of 10 to 15%. However, the number could be as high as 50% when taking into account pregnancies which had not yet been discovered (March of Dimes, 2016). Concern regarding miscarriage is universal yet in women taking an antidepressant this concern increases as researchers have theorized that its use may increase the potential for spontaneous abortion. Two large scale studiesRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many reasons why pregnant substance abuse should be treated as a major issue. The effects of substance abuse on the mother, fetus, and the overall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to â€Å"crack babies† or â€Å"drug babies†. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birth to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnantRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesdifficulties that come with an unplanned pregnancy in teens can have a profound effect on their life. Their physical, social, mental, and emotional health will all be affected by a sudden change in the course of their life. Teens impacted with an unplanned pregnancy will have to give up many things in order to be a parent. In addition, they will have to take on many more responsibilities that accompany pregnancy and parenthood. All in all, having an unplanned pregnancy and becoming a parent introduceRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Negatively Affects The Baby While During1328 Words   |  6 PagesHow substance abuse negatively affects the baby while during a woman’s pregnancy. Many women across the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into whyRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeen pregnancy is something that affects over one million young teens in the United States. For some, these pregnancies are planned but 85% of these teens the pregnancy is unplanned. This can cause a lot of endless problems in the life of the teen and the newborn child. There are a lot of things that can cause an unplanned teen pregnancy, such as teens experimenting with sexual encounters at a young age. Another major cause is the lack of guidance due to guardians that are blind or do not want toRead Mor eTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

File Sharing on the Internet Essay - 1482 Words

File Sharing on the Internet When we think of pirates, we see scruffy men with unshaven chins, a bandana, a gold earing, a black patch on one eye, and a wooden leg, men with guns in hand, riding the seas in their wooden ship proudly flying the terrifying skull and crossbones. Well, pirates these days look much different. In fact, you may be sitting by one right now. They are ordinary people who have come to enjoy the technologies the Internet provides. These pirates are boys and girls, women and men, who habitually root themselves in their desk chairs with eyes fixed on the computer screen. But todays pirates have something in common with the pirates of days lost in history. Both steal what doesnt belong to them. Todays pirates†¦show more content†¦Ultimately it ceased being a free source of music. Now there are a few other popular servers, like Gnutella, Morpheus, and Kazaa. The legality of these sites and all sites like it is hotly debated. In order to limit exchanging music, record companies want to make hardware and software to prevent music from being copied. But this would prevent people from copying their own music. That means no making CD mixes or putting music from your CDs on the computer, which is all perfectly legal. A handful of CDs already have certain features that prohibit the CD from being played on the computer and thereby prohibit the CD from being copied. There are many legitimate reasons for someone to copy their CDs, however. First, instead of taking a whole bunch of CDs when I go somewhere, Id rather just take copies in case I would lose any. Second, how many times have you scratched a CD? Too many to count, no doubt, and by being able to copy your CDs, you dont have to worry about not being able to listen to the CD just because you accidentally scratched it. CDs are valuable items and thieves will gladly take them if they can, but if all your CDs are copied theyre only stealing a worthless copy a nd not the original. And if they happen to get their hands on your originals, you know that your CD wont be lost forever because you made a copy of it. Many times you dont like all the songs on a CD. You can then copy the songs you like, get rid of the ones you dont like, and add differentShow MoreRelatedFile Sharing And The Internet1896 Words   |  8 PagesFile Sharing â€Å"I d like to propose another toast to you, the listener. It doesn t matter how you got this, you bought it, you downloaded it, and your grandma gave it to you.† (Jones). Chances are anybody who has ever used the internet has downloaded copyrighted material. Many people view downloading copyrighted material from the internet as stealing, but others see it as a distribution of human knowledge and information. File sharing, more formally known today as torrents, should be legal. Read MoreFile Sharing And The Internet2006 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction File sharing, or peer-to-peer software programs such as Limewire which uses protocol Gnutella, BitTorrent, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and programs that are Peer to Peer (P2P) such as KaZaA which uses the protocol FastTrack and others can allow sharing of copyrighted music, games, movies, software, and other files often without the knowledge or permission of the consumer. Peer-to-Peer programs usually share files by default, to permit the full amount of sharing across the web. Sharing this copyrightedRead MoreFile Sharing And The Internet Piracy1468 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, internet piracy or file sharing of copyrighted material has gained much popularity. It is a topic that has incessantly sparked debate and has even received global attention. Although on the surface the act of file sharing may seem harmless, it is far from it. Each year, film and record production companies as well as software and video game development companies suffer from billions of dollars in lost profits. This loss comes as a direct result of internet piracy. Many agreeRead MoreFile Sharing on the Internet Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesFile Sharing on the Internet Want to see the latest box office movies? How about checking out the latest records by your favorite rock band? What if you feel like playing a game or reading a document or doing some research? Today, with the progress the Internet is making, this is all possible in your own home in your own PC. For people who know where to go, the Internet offers endless possibilities for finding entertainment. Perhaps the most controversial and intriguing thing on the Internet todayRead MoreThe Internet : File Sharing, And The Distribution Of The Internet1768 Words   |  8 Pagesnew medium of the Internet encompassed: youth, radical change and the free exchange of information. But youthful exuberance would soon give way to reality as the music industry placed a bull’s-eye squarely on Napster.† With the emergence of the computer came new technologies, one of which is the distribution and free access to information across the internet. Peer to Peer (P2P), a form of file sharing allows people to participate in the distribution and sharing of multimedia files across a wide networkRead MoreOnline File Sharing and Internet Piracy1791 Words   |  8 Pagesshouldn’t the internet be free? Why should we have restrictions placed on what we can and cannot do on the internet? Every day, millions of users share files on the internet through numerous online sources. Whether they download music, movies, or software, online file-sharing can give people access to a plentiful amount of information. These files are often free and easily accessible by anyone. The practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information represents file sharing (Peer-to-PeerRead More An Examination of File-sharing on the Internet Essay4579 Words   |  19 PagesAn Examination of File -sharing on the Internet â€Å"Napster and its founder held the promise of everything the new medium of the Internet encompassed: youth, radical change and the free exchange of information. But youthful exuberance would soon give way to reality as the music industry placed a bulls-eye squarely on Napster.† I. Introduction Today the use of a computer has provided many privileges to its users, and among those privileges the main and largest one is the distributionRead More Is File-Sharing via Internet Illegal? Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesIs File-Sharing Illegal?      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   file-sharing violates existing copyright law by facilitating the widespread and illegal distribution of copyrighted material.   This paper examines the case against file-sharing, by looking at how the players bear responsibility for the illegal acts currently made possible by this new technology.   Finally, it suggests some remedies for file-sharing companies to reform themselves and become a potentially powerful and revolutionary company while stillRead MoreNetwork Applications 2 : File Sharing976 Words   |  4 Pages Network Applications 2: File Sharing 60-367-01 21-November-14 Matthew Oyinbo 103480310 â€Æ' Introduction File sharing is the practice of making digitally stored information/files such as (documents, movies, and music and computer programs) available for other individuals to access and download. There are many different ways that file sharing can occur. One of the most common ways to do this is by using peer-to-peer computer networks, which is a way of describing a series of computers which areRead MoreEssay on Music Copyright Infringement1224 Words   |  5 Pagesusers to compress and send music files easily over the Internet. The major problem with this music sharing is that most of the files are pirated, which has caused a stir in the music industry. Music companies and music artists have been complaining about how their music is being stolen and therefore lowering their album sales. The major blame has been put on Napster and other file sharing software available on the Internet. Napster was a music sharing software that was shut down because

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

When the Levees Broke free essay sample

Ron Young Bryant and Stratton College Phil 250 Ms. Obradovich February 8, 2013 In August 2005 there was a massive storm brewing and growing into a storm like no other storm, Hurricane Katrina. In the days before the storm hit, there were many agencies gathering information and trying to give a good guess on when, where, and how bad this storm was going to be. Some people listened and prepared and some did not. Why? Why didn’t some people even know the storm was coming? Why did some leave? Why did some stay? Who were these people? Not too sure how much critically thinking was going on here, or was there, and the people of New Orleans could not do anything else but stay. The documentary showed that most people that left were the ones who could afford to leave and the rest were left to fend for themselves. By law if there is a mandatory evacuation ordered, then all must be given ways out of the area by government help, which by the movie said never happened. We will write a custom essay sample on When the Levees Broke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then the storm hit, what a disaster. The documentary showed the total devastation of the area. It then explained the perceived lack of governmental support after the storm. Based on reports from the news agencies that survived the storm, no help showed up for 5 days. This was supported by the number of people interviewed in this documentary and the pictures at the storm shelters set up throughout the city. The mayor, Ray Nagin, after 5 days of asking for help and finally bad mouthing the government, something finally got started to help the people. The Levees Broke (Lee, 2006) ended as showing that still, over 6 years later, the people of New Orleans are still struggling to survive every day with very little help from the government. Due to the total perceived action of how Hurricane Katrina was handled, the people in the movie are inferring that this occurred and is still occurring because they are poor black people, with no education, and the United States of America is still racial! The people of New Orleans have labeled themselves as â€Å"The people of New Orleans Americas Underclass†. I watched the 4hour 14minute documentary from Spike Lee called: When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts. (Lee, 2006). I could not think of what his action of critically thinking was for this movie, but then I re-read chapter 4 in our book, Thinking Critically by John Chaffee, (Chaffee, 2012, p. 131-175), and in the book it lists 5 ideas for critically thinking as: 1. Perceiving and Believing 2. Selecting/Organizing/Interpreting Sensations 3. Reporting Factual Information 4. Inferring 5. Judging I can now apply each one of these to his movie and see how he is perceiving what happened after the devastating storm of Hurricane Katrina through his eyes and the people who survived the storm. Mr. Lee went thru each one of these steps during the documentary. In the beginning of the film there were many people that perceived and believed that the massive storm would never hit New Orleans or that they would â€Å"ride out the storm† like most of these same people did in 1965 when Hurricane Betsy hit the same area. These same people who survived Hurricane Betsy believed it would never hit or if they spent the money, which a lot didn’t have, and then nothing happened they would be broke. The people of New Orleans also believed that the government was not telling them the truth about how this storm was going to hit them as the government has said before, they evacuated, and then nothing happened. So because they perceived and believed nothing would happen, a lot of people perished. But then the film moved into the 2nd step and this is where the movie perceived the breakdown started and continued to get out of control thru the rest of the steps till the end of this horrible disaster. The federal government was trying to inform the people of the magnitude of this storm by selecting/organizing/interpreting the data that they were getting from different sources. They compiled the best information they could get from The National Weather Service, FEMA, Homeland Security, and historians on how other weather phenomenon’s have played out. The documentary showed many meetings between important officials and they even had models to predict the devastation and the impact zone. Again the people of New Orleans used their own method of what they interpreted as truth or fiction. Mr. Lee continued to show the total breakdown into the step of Reporting Factual Information and this occurred before, during, and after Hurricane Katrina hit. Between lack of communication between government offices, lack of communication during the storm, after the storm, and then throw in the multiple media channels we have, who knew what to believe. Multiple times during the documentary he showed ways that the information was presented wrong or was taken out of context. There was a report before the levees broke that people heard explosions and then the water rose to unthinkable levels all over the city. The people reported this same thing happened in 1965 with Hurricane Betsy. The townspeople said it was to save the rich white people’s houses, so the federal government blew up the levees to flood the â€Å"black part† of the town. Of course the news agencies flashed this all over the news channels and that added to the already growing anger towards the federal government. I can definitely see the next step of the documentary of Inferring. There was so much of this going on due to none of the above steps being met, or maybe they were met, but the people involved perceived that they were not. In the movie it stated that the government didn’t care about the people in the flood zone, were not helping them out with all of life necessities, did not tell them about the storm, and not giving them their â€Å"required rights as US citizens†. Was this the truth or inferring due to the situation they were in? I saw in the documentary on many accounts how when one person got all upset and started yelling about something, everyone else joined in and the stories got bigger and more horrible as the story went on. Kind of like when you tell one person something and they pass it on, the story changes, usually for the worse. This leads to the last point of this movie which is also the final step in chapter 4 of Judging. Mr. Lee did show a lot of judging in his movie, but I am not so sure it was a fair representation of both sides. This fits a step of critically thinking in our book: perceiving and believing. Spike Lee’s perception of the events that occurred in New Orleans are that the government’s response to Hurricane Katrina was based on racial and social economic factors. I on the other hand, as being a first responder from the military 2 days post impact, did not experience or witness any response as being racial. I did however witness that the victim’s we were seeing were from a lower social economic class, but were consisting of all races! I find that Mr. Lee’s assertion that race played a part in what is his view of a slow response from the federal government is unfounded. I also feel that Mr. Lee’s life experiences as an African-American male played a major part in his perception and beliefs of what occurred. References Lee, Spike. (2006). When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts Chaffee, J (2012). Perceiving and Believing. Thinking Critically (10th ed. ). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

The Zone Review Essay Example

The Zone Review Paper Essay on The Zone Dovlatov started writing through the area. There came the realization or the necessity of the realization that his talent lies precisely in the letter. However, this book was one of the last. Area, it is about life. In this book, as in other works Dovlatov no positive or negative characters. There are no ideals. No extremes. Life is shown in its normal state. It does not try to interest the readers story unusual and complex dramatic characters. There is no mock cruelty or tortuous positive. This book is essentially a mirror of the world, the world of the Soviet, with all its distortions and disadvantages. This is a textbook on history in which no great generals nor bloodthirsty villains. Dovlatov attracts precisely the simplicity and sincerity of the presentation, which was inherent in his time Anton Chekhov, who, among other things, the Soviet writer has always wanted to be like Life in bestial conditions, convicts and soldiers -. Colleagues helped Dovlatova further life. Stored there, no, no courage, no valor or honor, and something warm internally, aimed at the good and justice, he will carry through the entire life of his famous smile of reason. Will carry modestly die at the peak of fame, and in the hearts of readers will be all the same Sergei Dovlatov, who was her boyfriend, peredavashy as accurately and properly train of thought a simple Soviet man. It is said that to understand the Russian character, I need to read Dostoevsky . and Dovlatov, who created the image of a man, milled of the Soviet system. And for that he kowtow We will write a custom essay sample on The Zone Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Zone Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Zone Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Friday, March 13, 2020

Politics and Sports essays

Politics and Sports essays Pierre De Coubertons ideas of revitalizing the Olympic games was for sport, he visioned sports without the infliction of politics. Through the years the reality of his vision has died out and inevitably political issues and ideas began surfacing in the Olympic games just as much as they began appearing in the ordinary sports world. It seemed that the Olympic games got hit with most of the political back draft, mainly do to the large scale involvement of other countries and as such they became a podium for countries. In Martin Barry Vinokurs book More Than a Game he explains the involvement of politics and sports, he distinguishes two countries which have had incredible amounts of political resurgence through sports. It was my belief before reading this book that sports in America has always been effected somewhat by politics, but it came to a total surprise to hear that sports dictated politics and vise versa in other countries. In a world where some people believe sports take a s much precedents as education, it seems no wonder that sports could not live without political issues. Vinokur takes Romania and East Germany and begins dissecting how politics have affected sports. One of the most startling facts to me was that a third world country like Romania had so many incredible accomplishments in the sports world. East Germany on the other hand used sports to get recognition of the German Democratic Republic(GDR). Both countries interest between foreign policy and sports was so large, it seems like they care more about athletics then education. The reason for their grand achievements was that they began looking for stand-out athletes at a young age and began training them almost instantaneously. In the political sense after world war 2 both countries contrasted similarly. Germany was split up between East and West, with the West gaining worldwide diplomatic reorganization, the GDR know...

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of legislation relating to Essay

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of legislation relating to gender discrimination in the workplace - Essay Example In this case, managers may prefer assigning attractive women the role of marketing products while men are assigned technical, manual and production. Nevertheless, the paper will focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages of legislation concerning gender discrimination in the work place. The legislation that relate to gender discrimination in the work place is the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, where the federal law seeks to establish gender equality in the workplace (Docksey, 1984, 81). Furthermore, there are other laws such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1973 and Executive Order 11246, while the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 was established to deal with the federal criminal offences for violence against women. However, it has been subdivided into two federal district court cases, which are applicable in the employment setting to supervisors (Otten, 1993, 20). In addition, the Title VII and Equal Pay Act were enacted accor ding to Congress’s powers under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. ... Therefore, this has brought the question of the family commitments affecting the competence of a woman in her workplace, thus posing a significant challenge in deciding on employing a woman at work. Decisions of choosing an individual to accept work in a given occupation are a decision, which is influenced by the learned cultural and social values that are considered discriminatory to women. Nevertheless, the preferences are determined by learners gender related factors that stereotype occupations as either male or female (Miller & Budd, 1999, 17). Advantages One advantage of the legislation concerning discrimination of gender in the workplace relating to the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which focuses on discrimination on pay, whereby men and women should receive equal compensation (Aaron, 1993, 45). The other merit is that terms of the legislation are gender natural, whereby in a situation when a man is a plaintiff, and a women they are expected to show the difference in court, where eith er of them receives a lower pay than the other if they performed the same task for the same employer. The legislation also emphasises on the notion of "substantial equivalence,† which is depicted by equal effort, skills, responsibilities and working environment. However, the legislation relating to the issues of gender discrimination offers the defendant a chance justify the disparity, in a situation where the elements are established by the plaintiff. Therefore, the defendant justifies by seniority, merit quality or quality of production and other factors that are not related to gender (Rutter, 1997, 30). Employers are not given a chance to depend on subjective estimates; thus, they have to provide precise criteria that can be applied and communicated

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Critical Review - Essay Example The inclusive settings may be community-based such as private preschool programmes in day care centres, or may be public school based preschool programmes. For inclusion to be successful, children with disabilities have to be provided with all the necessary supports, to facilitate their forming friendships with peers, to actively participate in all classroom activities, and to accomplish the individualised goals designed to meet his or her needs. Both the disabled children and their non-disabled peers benefit from the integrated environment (Power-deFur & Orelove, 1997). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to write a critical review of the article by Odom (2000). First, the article will be summarised, followed by a background section giving a brief account of the reason why the article was chosen, its significance and the relevance to one’s research interest. The critical review of the article will include an investigation of the topic and key issues raised in the paper; also the author’s findings and suggestions; the arguments put forward by the article; and an evaluation of the strengths and shortcomings of the paper. In early childhood special education, it is now a primary service option to include children with disabilities with normally developing peers with typical growth patterns, in integrated classroom settings. This is a relatively new development, from the 1990s, although inclusion of preschool children was known since the early 1970s. There has been a gradual shift from special education programmes for school age children to those designed for preschool age children, to programmes in which children with disabilities are included in mainstream classrooms, with continued development in the settings offered for achieving improved outcomes (Odom, 2000). In this paper, the author Odom (2000) briefly investigates the literature available on the topic. Some research findings on

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt Essay Example for Free

Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt Essay Discuss the achievements of Hatshepsut on events and issues that she is remembered for in History and assess her legacy to the world. Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful women in the ancient world. She was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the first female pharaoh. She ruled longer than any other woman in Egyptian history. Hatshepsut was pharaoh for approximately twenty-one years, from 1479 BC–1458 BC. Hatshepsut’s successful reign brought wealth to her country she helped shape Egypt into a stronger nation in many ways. Hatshepsut has been widely regarded as one of the most successful pharaohs throughout time and has left behind more monuments and works of art than any Egyptian queen. Hatshepsut’s parents were both from a royal background, and her father (Thutmose I) was Pharaoh when she was born. When Thutmose I died, Hatshepsut was about 15 years old, and Thutmose II took over as pharaoh. Thutmose II died after only three or four years of rule but historians have thought that during the reign of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut may actually have been in power. Hatshepsut had had a daughter, named Neferure, but Thutmose II also had a son, named Asset. When Thutmose II died, Thutmose III was still too young to rule, and Hatshepsut began to reign, using the title â€Å"God’s Wife†. This was an issue Hatshepsut had to face as people doubted a woman as a leader but the popularity of her father and her own charismatic presence enabled her to become a full pharaoh seven years into the reign of Thutmose III. Hatshepsut achieved a lot, including expanding territory, broadening trade, building and restoring temples, and maintaining stable order in Egypt. Egyptologists believed that there were no wars in the time she ruled, although evidence is now growing to suggest that Hatshepsut did protect her country against others that were invading Egypt. She mostly focused her efforts on constructing buildings and making Egypt a stronger, wealthier nation through trade. Hatshepsut reestablished the trade networks after the invasion of the Hyksos (a group of mixed Semitic-Asiatics) and in the ninth year of her reign, Hatshepsut sent a number of ships on a trading expedition to the distant land of Punt, located in the South of Egypt. The Punt trade provided goods (such as frankincense, gold and myrrh) that were essential to Egypt’s economic development and Hatshepsut continued to promote these trips. Archeologists and historians have noted that these expeditions have been featured on the walls of Hatshepsut’s temples. These expeditions brought great wealth to Egypt and enabled Hatshepsut to initiate building projects. Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in ancient Egypt, commissioning several projects throughout both Upper and Lower Egypt. Hatshepsut restored and renovated several old buildings that had been damaged or destroyed by invading armies before her reign. Hatshepsut had monuments constructed at the Temple of Karnak she also restored the original Precinct of Mut (a temple used to worship the goddess of Mut). Not only did she restore and renovate, but she also started several building programs, for example, she built the Temple of Pahket, which is an underground, cavernous shrine. She also built her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri, which took 15 years to build is the most significant monument Hatshepsut has built. Egyptologists have assumed that Hatshepsut ruled a long, peaceful era but evidence is now growing to suggest that Hatshepsut was involved in warfare. The Deir el-Bahri mortuary temple provides us with fragments and inscriptions showing defensive military activity against the Ethiopians during Hatshepsuts reign. Hatshepsut was certainly prepared to fight to maintain the borders of her country and keep her country strong. In 1458 BC, when Thutmose III was due to rule, Hatshepsut disappeared with no evidence of how she died. Whether Thutmose III murdered her or not is not known. Hatshepsut’s tomb was destroyed and only her liver was found, preserved in a jar. It is likely that Thutmose III arranged for the removal of Hatshepsut’s name from all her constructions, but historians have found no accurate reasons of why Thutmose III did this. Hatshepsut showed to the world and her country that a woman was able to rule with great self-confidence and help bring wealth to their nation, her rise to the throne might have inspired others, such as Cleopatra. She would do anything for her country and was brave and charismatic. Hatshepsut left behind beautiful, sacred monuments promoting Egypt’s tourist industry and further more, bringing wonder to her country in the 21st century. Hatshepsut showed legacy to the world by taking charge and getting things done for the benefit of her country. She wasn’t one to stand around and rose to the throne with great confidence, showing her country that she was worthy to be a ruler. Hatshepsut left many monuments as her legacy, however, no construction work ordered by Hatshepsut is more remarkable or impressive than her mortuary temple complex at Deir el-Bahri, which took 15 years to build was found several centuries after its completion, buried beneath hundreds of tons of sand. Although some monuments have been destroyed, she showed to the world that she was a great leader and was appreciated by the people of her country. She has been remembered long after her death not only because of her physical legacy (through her monuments and projects), but also her legacy of success, peace and strategic ideas. This has been led to several makings of documentaries about her, including The Secrets of Egypt’s Lost Queen, which was aired on the discovery channel a few books have been written about her, such as Her Majesty the King by Patricia L ONeill. Hatshepsut was a great leader in Ancient Egypt and she showed confidence bravery to her country, as well as showing to the world that a woman was able to rule with charisma and courage.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

The Capitalist System Essays -- Economic System, Amoral Capitalist Sys

While capitalism is prevailing in the modern society, the issue on whether an amoral profit driven capitalist system is good for the society or not has been raised. Some believe that an amoral capitalist system is the best way to organize individuals together to serve the society. However, others argue that a amoral capitalist system will harm the society instead of benefit it. In this essay, I will be presenting the view of two neoclassical economists, Ricky Griffin and Adam Smith, who support the idea on the amoral capitalism is good for the society. I will also discuss the opposing view presented by Arthur Miller that suggests a profit drive, amoral capitalist system will do harm to a society . Furthermore, I am going to compare and contrast the two view and concluded with Miller’s view Capitalism encourages business men to make profitable amoral decisions will not benefit our society. While Griffin, Smith and Miller are holding two significantly different views, they both agree on capitalism is an amoral system. According to Griffin, profit is the only incentive for any business to operate under a capitalist system. Smith, father of capitalism, shows his understanding of amoral capitalism by saying, â€Å"We address our self, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but to their advantages. † (Smith 119) This quote clearly illustrates that people would act out of their own interest instead of considering others under capitalism. Further, Miller compare this amoral capitalism with uncivilized animals when the character, Christ, says â€Å"This is a land of great big dogs, you don’s love a man here, out eat him! ...the world is that way...This is a zoo, a zoo!† (Miller p81) Although ... ... still being debating. I believe capitalism forces business men to make profitable amoral decisions may not benefit our society at all. However, maybe Smith is also correct on capitalism is the best way to serve the society before other solutions appear. And with many evidences from different countries, I have to agree with Griffin and Smith that capitalism is efficient. However, I would only describe capitalism as an insensitive, bloody, efficiently machine that does not have feel and moral. The core of capitalism is still profit driven, materialistic, and money. â€Å"money money money money, when you said it long enough it doesn’t mean anything.†(Miller p73) How important is efficiency and profits, when it does not bring joy and happiness to our society. How can we be well off without compassion, moral value, sympathy and all that feeling that make us as human being.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Escalating Costs of Social Health Insurance Essay

Unlike any other country in the world, the United States continually experience rising cost of healthcare provision. Wolfe (1999) reports that healthcare costs has been increasing at a high rate for decades, it is estimated that every 40 months, the share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) spent on healthcare goes up by 1 percent. Health expenditure which stood at 12. 3 percent of GDP in 1990 increased to 16. 0 percent of GDP in 2006 and is projected to reach 20 percent in the next 7 years. Between 2005 and 2006 alone, healthcare spending increased by 6. 7 percent, exceeding nominal GDP growth by 0. 6 percent, to a whooping $2. 1 trillion, representing an estimated $7,000 spending per person (Kuttner 2008; Catlin et al 2008). Various factors including inflation, aging population and advances in medical technology has been indicted as been responsible for the global increase in health expenditures, however, the American situation appears to be peculiar. Kuttner (2008) contends that the proliferation of new technologies, poor diet, lack of exercise, the tendency for supply (physicians, hospitals, tests, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and novel treatments) to generate demand and the culture of the American litigation, resulting in excessive malpractice litigations and the practice of defensive medicine, all adds together to ensure that the country experiences the largest and fastest growth in health expenditures, while at the same time, defeating efforts at cost containments. Like every other developed country, health insurance systems, especially social health insurance systems constitute the primarily methods of health financing (Carrin and James, 2004). This arrangement ensures that most of the cost of healthcare are paid by third parties, either through public establishments, as in social (public) health insurance systems, or by private bodies, as in private health insurance system, or in some cases, a mixture of both (Wolfe, 1999). The mixture of private and social health insurance is present in almost every country, with variations in their coverage. While in most European countries, social health insurance is deeply ingrained in societal fabric and provides the largest source of funding and insurance coverage (Saltman, 2004), the vast majority of Americans receive their health insurance coverage through employer based private insurance, with the rest of the country covered by any of the several public health insurance programs (Glover et al 2003). It is estimated that employer private health insurance covers approximately 63 percent of the population, with 51 percent of these amount covered by their own employers, while the remaining 41 percent are covered as a worker’s dependent; 14 percent are covered by public programs, 5 percent covered by individual insurance policies while an estimated 17 percent of the population are uncovered by any insurance (Devi, 2005). Medicare is largely regarded as the primary national (social) health insurance program in the United States, providing coverage for an estimated 44 million Americans over the age of 65. It is also estimated that Medicare provides health insurance coverage for about 7 million Americans under the age of 65 who have a disability or chronic condition (Fact Sheet, 2007). Social health insurance is a vital part of any country’s health care and health financing program, in some part of Europe, there is a general contention that social health insurance is not just an insurance arrangement, but a ‘way of life’, they are seen as a part of a social incomes policy that seek to redistribute wealth and health risk evenly amongst the population, however, the rising costs of these systems, not just in the United States but across the modern world, threatens the system. Before an analysis of the costs and factors driving costs of social health insurance systems, especially in America and in other European countries, it is important to first briefly describe the underlying principles of the social health insurance system and its difference from the private health insurance programs. This will be followed by a description of the United States Medicare program and some social health insurance programs in selected European countries and then a look at the costs of these programs. Steps taken towards cutting costs of the social insurance programs and the differences in cost cutting approaches between the United States and European Union countries will be examined. Lastly, future approaches that could help ameliorate the financial challenges facing the United States public insurance programs shall be recommended. Social Health Insurance Social health insurance, in its basic principle, in any society achieves a set of societal objectives through its peculiar form of financial cross subsidies, which covers redistribution from the healthy to the ill, from the well off to the less well off, from the young to the old and from the individual to the family. This redistributive focus of any social health insurance program distinguishes it from what is nominally regarded as insurance, thus, in several societies, it entrenches solidarity, income redistribution and is thus seen as a ‘key part of a broader structure of social security and income support that sits at the heart of civil society’ (Saltman, 2004:5) Saltman and Dubois (2004) contend that although Germany is considered the source of the modern day form of social health insurance, when it codified existing voluntary structures into compulsory state supervised legislation in 1883, the history of social health insurance (SHI) dates back longer to the medieval guilds in the late Middle Ages. However, they agreed that the structure and organization of SHI over time has considerably evolved; the number of people covered has increased from a small number of workers in particular trades to a larger portion of the population, the central concept SHI has evolved from wage replacement a death benefit into payment for and or provision of outpatient physician services, inpatient hospital care and drugs; thirdly, the administrative structure of SHI has also evolved from cooperative workers association to state mandated legislative character, beginning with Germany in 1883 and the most recent, 1996 in Switzerland. Structurally, social health insurance everywhere possesses three common characteristics. Social health insurance programs are administered privately in both funding and in the provision of health services; as a result of their private administration, social health programs are self regulating, and lastly, as a consequence of their independence and self regulation, social health insurance programs are relatively stable, both in organizational and financial terms (Saltman, 2004). As a fall out of these structural characteristics, social health insurance posses several core components that differentiate them from private health insurance programs. Under SHI, the raising of funds is tied to income of beneficiaries, usually in the form of a transparent and fixed percentage of wages. As a result, contributions are risk independent and thus encourage maximal risk pooling. Also, collection and administration of revenues for the program are handled by not-for-profit and sometimes, state run funds and these funds are usually managed by board members that are usually representative and elected. The United States Medicare program posses most or all of the characteristics of a social health insurance program. For over 40 years, the program has successfully provided healthcare access for the elderly and millions of people with disability. It is regarded as the nation’s single largest health insurance program and it covers a wide range of the society for a broad range of health services. For example, Potetz (2008) report that one out of ever five dollars spent on healthcare in 2006 came through the Medicare program. The program is also reported to fund, at least, one third of all hospital stays, nationally. In most European countries too, national, public (social) health insurance programs reportedly covers a large proportion of the population, in most cases, reaching up to 100 percent coverage. Saltman and others (2004) reports that in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland and from 1995, Israel, all have health insurance systems where (public) social health programs plays predominant roles in organization and funding of health care services, where between 60 to 100 percent of the population are mandatorily covered. They further argue that even countries like Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, Greece and Portugal that have a tax funded National Health Service schemes, segments of SHI based healthcare funding also exists. Explaining the difference between social health insurance programs and private health insurance, Thomson and Mossialos (2004) contend that private health insurance play very insignificant role in the health systems of several European countries, either in terms of funding or access to healthcare. Unlike in the United States where more than 60 percent of the population are covered by private employer based insurance, private health insurance programs covers a relatively small proportion of the population and accounts for less than 5 percent of the total health spending, with the exception of France, Germany and the Netherlands. The most common difference between social and private health insurance includes eligibility, risk pooling and benefits. For social health insurance programs, contributions are mostly based on a fixed or varying proportion of wages, without regard for risks, thus a wider proportion of the people are eligible and benefits i. e. health services offered are broader with less out of pocket costs (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004; Saltman 2004). For private health insurance, the reverse is the case in most situations. Especially in for-profit private health insurance systems, contributions are adjusted according to risks and for the most part high risks individuals are rejected or expected to pay higher premiums. Consequently, eligibility requirements are strict; out of pocket expenses might be higher, while services provided vary significantly across programs, depending on an array of factors. Depending on the generally functions and services offered by private health insurance, the relation to social health insurance can be substitutive, complementary or supplementary. Substitutive private health insurance programs provides insurance covers that is otherwise available from the public programs purchased by individuals or groups who are excluded from the SHI. The larger proportion of the US society is excluded from the public insurance programs, which are usually available to the elderly, the disabled or the very poor, the rest of the population must rely on private employer based insurance. However, in European countries with effective SHI, only certain individuals with income above a certain upper threshold are excluded from the public insurance program e. g. in Netherlands and Germany, while the rest of the population are eligible. Complementary private health insurance programs provide cover for services not fully covered by the SHI programs or totally excluded, the Medicare + Choice plans is an example of such covers. Lastly, supplementary private health insurance provides cover for faster access and also increased consumer choices for individuals who can afford it (Thomson and Mossialos, 2004). Eligibility and Coverage  The United States Medicare program is essentially for the elderly, thus, individuals are eligible for Medicare coverage if they are citizens of the United States or have been a permanent legal resident for five continues years and over 65 years old. Individuals younger than 65 years of age can also be eligible for Medicare coverage if they are disabled and have been on the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or the Railroad Retirement Board benefits for a period of two years. Further, individuals with end state renal disease (ESRD) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) known as Lou Gehrig’s disease also qualifies for Medicare coverage. However, many people with disability do not qualify for SSDI benefits and by extension, Medicare. To qualify for these benefits, disabled individuals must have a family member under age 65 who have a work history which included Federal Income Contribution Act tax (FICA), an individual may also qualifies for SSDI on the FICA contributions of a parent as a Childhood Disability Beneficiary (CDB) or as a disabled spouse of a deceased spouse. Whichever qualification route applicable, an individual qualifies for Medicare two years after he/she starts receiving the SSDI benefits, except for the Lou Gehrig’s disease where Medicare benefits starts in the first month SSDI payments are received or in the case of the ESRD where Medicare benefits starts within three months of the first dialysis (Fact Sheet, 2007). As of 2007, it is estimated that Medicare provides cover and health services to about 43 million Americans. This figure is expected to double to 77 million by 2031 when the baby boomers of the post World War II period start to retire. However, as mentioned previously, SHI in European countries offer universal coverage that is mandatory in some countries. Coverage for these countries varies from 63 percent in Netherlands to 100 percent coverage in France, Israel and Switzerland. In most of these countries, it is usually the highest income groups that are either allowed or required by law to leave the social health programs for private health insurance (Saltman, 2004:7). Benefits Benefits for Medicare members have continually been modified. The original program has two parts, Medicare Part A and part B. The Part A program known as Hospital Insurance, covers hospital stays with stays in skilled nursing facilities for limited periods if certain qualifying criteria are met. Such criteria include the length of hospital stay, which most be three days, at least, excluding the discharge day and stay in skilled nursing facility must be for conditions diagnosed during the hospitalization. Medicare Part A allows up to a maximum of 100day stay in skilled nursing facilities, with the first 20 days completely paid for by Medicare and the remaining 80days paid in part and requiring a co-payment from the beneficiary. The Medicare Part B covers services and products not covered by Part A, but on an outpatient basis. The benefits under this coverage includes physician and nursing services, laboratory diagnostic tests, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations x-rays and blood transfusions. Other services include renal dialysis, outpatient hospital procedures, Immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplant recipients, chemotherapy, limited ambulance transportation and other outpatient medical treatments carried out in a physician’s office. This coverage, to some extent, also includes medical equipments like walkers, wheelchairs and mobility scooters for individuals with mobility problems, while prosthetic devices, such as breast prosthesis after mastectomy or eye glasses after cataract surgery are also covered. The recently added Part C and D of the Medicare benefits slightly deviate from the original Medicare concept. After the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 came into effect, Medicare beneficiaries were allowed the option of receiving their Medicare benefits through private health insurance plans if they do not want to go through the original Medicare plans. These became known as Medicare + Choice as beneficiaries could choose any private health insurance plans and have it paid for by Medicare. The Medicare + Choice or Part C arrangement later became known as the Medicare Advantage Plan after the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 came into effect. The Part D plan, on the other hand, covers mainly prescription drugs and anyone in the original Plan A or B is eligible for this plan. However, in other to receive the benefits of the Plan D, a beneficiary must enroll and be approved for a Stand-alone Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) or Medicare Advantage plan with prescription drug coverage (MA-PD). However, because Plan D is effectively operated by private health insurance companies, there are no standardized benefits, like the plan A and B; the private insurance companies could choose to cover some drugs or classes of drugs and not cover others, with the exception of drugs excluded from Medicare coverage. Beneficiaries are therefore restricted to the drugs coverage of the plans they choose (Merlis, 2008; Potetz, 2008). Contributions towards Social Health Insurance Medicare financing, like social health insurance everywhere, is financed through a complex mix of taxes, contributions, co-payments and the likes. The most important source of financing for the Medicare expenditures is through the payroll tax imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and the Self-Employment Contributions Act of 1954, while other sources of financing includes general revenue through income taxes, a tax on Social Security benefits, and payments from states required for the Medicare drug benefits which started in 2006. In addition to these, beneficiaries also contribute directly to Medicare financing through premiums, deductibles and co-insurance. It is reported that income cases, physician do charge beneficiaries an additional out-of -pocket ‘balance billing’ to cover for services rendered (Potetz, 2008). The federal payroll taxes are paid by the working population or by the beneficiaries throughout their work history. The tax equals 2. 9 percent of gross wages, with half (1. 45 percent) deducted from the worker’s salary and the other half paid by the employer. Initially, there was a ceiling on the maximum amount any single person can contribute; however, beginning from 1994, the maximum limit was removed. Self employed people who do not have an employer to cover the other half of their taxes are mandated by law to pay the full 2. 9 percent of their estimated earnings. However, the contributions from the beneficiaries vary considerably depending on the plan and also range from premiums, deductibles, co-payments or in some cases, the balance billing mentioned previously.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Necklace Assessment Essay - 1006 Words

Necklace Assessment The story begins by showing the reader the main character, Mathilde Losiel. The narrator tells the reader about Mathildes thought towards her life. The character seems unhappy because she thinks that by some error she was born lower in the hierarchy, than she was made for. You are drawn into the story when you see the differences between her supposed life and the life she is living. You feel that she might get to live her supposed life when the story progresses. You are also held in by the event of her husband getting an invite to a party of the rich. Guy de Maupassant shows you all about both the main characters personalities in the opening of the story. He does not give away the story line as easily†¦show more content†¦The final key event was the twist of Mathilde finding out the necklace she borrowed was a fake. The events are linked together by the working of the characters towards it. The major twist is at the end of the story when Madame Foriester (The friend Mathilde borrowed the necklace of) tells Mathilde and finds out about the truth about the necklace. Which the Losiels worked ten years re-paying a real copy of the necklace. The time covered is about twenty to thirty years. The events moved fairly simple, just forward moving events with the narrator explaining the information within the jumps in time. The story is quite realistic as it could happen and no character where completely artificial. The main characters where Mathilde Losiel and Monsieur Losiel. The most important minor character was Madame Foriester who was Mathildes rich friend from her convent days. Guy de Maupassant shows their personalities mostly by dialog. For Monsieur Losiel a small description of his status is given, the rest is pointed out by dialog said and actions towards his wife. Madame Foriester is shown with admiration and dialog. Whilst Mathilde Losiels personality is shown by her own dreams and her reactions. Mathilde is intersting as she dreams of being rich, beautiful and popular but when he has done something wrong surprising she does not complain but pays it off. Monsieur Losiel is interestingShow MoreRelated The Necklace Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Necklace† Around the world, values are expressed differently. Some people think that life is about the little things that make them happy. Others feel the opposite way and that expenses are the way to live. In Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†, he develops a character, Madame Loisel, who illustrates her different style of assessments. Madame Loisel, a beautiful woman, lives in a wonderful home with all the necessary supplies needed to live. 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